"Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subset of AI, linguistics and computer science, and is concerned with generation, recognition and understanding of human language, both written and spoken. NLP systems examine the grammatical structure of sentences as well as the specific meanings of words, and then utilize algorithms to extract meaning and produce results. Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Natural Language Processing aims at providing a review of current Neural Network techniques in the Natural Language Processing field, in particular, about Conversational Agents (chatbots), Text-to-Speech, management of non-literal content - like emotions but also satirical expressions - and applications in the healthcare field. NLP has the potential to be a disruptive technology in the fields of healthcare, but so far little attention has been devoted to that goal. This book aims at providing some examples of NLP techniques that can, for example, restore speech, detect Parkinson's disease, or help psychotherapists. The book is intended for a wide audience: beginners will find chapters providing a general introduction to the NLP techniques useful, while experienced professionals would appreciate the chapters about advanced management of emotion, empathy, and non-literal content"--