This book provides a comprehensive review of optical pattern recognition, covering theoretical aspects as well as details of practical implementations and signal processing techniques. The first chapter is devoted to pattern recognition performed with optical correlators. Later chapters discuss new approaches based on neural networks, wavelet transforms, and the fractional Fourier transform. The book also covers nonlinear filter methods and optical-electronic hybrid systems. The final part deals with the devices and materials employed in modern systems, such as photorefractive crystals, microlasers, and liquid crystal spatial light modulators. The volume gives many examples of working systems that integrate optics, electronics, and computers, and it covers a range of new developments from mathematical theories to novel optical materials. It will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in optical engineering and machine vision.