This book explains how to apply non-statistical and statistical techniques to the optimization of biological systems. Employing real-life bioprocess optimization problems and their solutions as examples, the text describes experimental design from identifying process variables to selecting a screening design, applying response surface methodology, and conducting regression modeling. It demonstrates the statistical analysis and optimization of different experimental designs, details the optimization techniques employed to determine optimum levels of the process variables for both single- and multiple-response systems, and discusses important experimental designs.