"Let us be clear that for each of us the primary reality is consciousness--everything else is derivative."

--John Eccles, Neurophysiologist

"The evolutionary assumption implies that consciousness is efficacious--that it is not an epiphenomenon."

--Gerald Edelman, Neurobiologist

"Consciousness is the phenomenon whereby the universe's very existence is made known."

--Roger Penrose, Oxford Mathematician

"It [an event] has not really happened . . . until it is an observed phenomenon."

--John Wheeler, Mathematical Physicist

"The content of consciousness is an ultimate reality."

--Eugene Wigner, Nobel Laureate

"All real things are contents of consciousness."

--John von Neumann, Quantum Physicist

"I regard consciousness as fundamental--matter is derivative from consciousness."

--Max Planck, Physicist

Biografía del autor Keith Ward is the Regius Professor of Divinity Emeritus at Oxford University, and a Fellow of the British Academy. He has taught philosophy at a number of British and American universities.